How ZUGFeRD Works
A ZUGFeRD invoice is a PDF/A-3 file with an XML attachment embedded inside. When you open it:
- In Adobe Reader: You see a normal-looking invoice PDF
- In accounting software: The system extracts the XML data automatically
ZUGFeRD Profiles
ZUGFeRD supports different data completeness levels:
- Minimum: Basic reference data only
- Basic WL: Core invoice data without line items
- Basic: Full invoice with line items (most common)
- EN 16931 (Comfort): Full EU standard compliance
- Extended: Additional fields beyond EU standard
- XRechnung: German government compliance (important!)
ZUGFeRD = Factur-X
ZUGFeRD and Factur-X are technically identical—same specification, same XML schema. ZUGFeRD is the German name; Factur-X is used in France and internationally. A ZUGFeRD file will work perfectly in France, and vice versa.
Why ZUGFeRD Matters
Best of Both Worlds
ZUGFeRD solves the adoption problem: recipients who aren't ready for e-invoicing can read the PDF normally, while automated systems process the XML. This makes it ideal for gradual e-invoicing transitions.
German B2B Standard
ZUGFeRD is the most common format for German B2B e-invoicing. When Germany's B2B mandate takes full effect (2025-2028), ZUGFeRD will be widely used.
Government Compliant
ZUGFeRD with the "XRechnung" profile is accepted by German government portals. This means one format works for both B2B and B2G invoicing.
How to Get Started
Step 1: Choose Your Profile
For most uses, "EN 16931" (Comfort) is recommended. For German government, use the "XRechnung" profile.
Step 2: Check Your Software
Many German accounting packages (DATEV, Lexware, etc.) support ZUGFeRD export natively. Check your software's e-invoicing settings.
Step 3: Validate Before Sending
Ensure your ZUGFeRD file is correctly structured—a valid-looking PDF might have invalid XML inside.
Validate Your ZUGFeRD Invoice
Check both PDF structure and XML compliance.
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What is EN 16931?
EN 16931 is the European standard that defines the semantic data model for electronic invoices, ensuring interoperability across all EU member states.
What is Peppol?
Peppol is a secure international network that enables businesses and governments to exchange electronic documents like invoices, orders, and catalogs.
Read moreWhat is XRechnung?
XRechnung is Germany's official e-invoice format for public sector transactions, implementing the European standard EN 16931 with additional German-specific business rules.
Read moreWhat is EN 16931?
EN 16931 is the European standard that defines the semantic data model for electronic invoices, ensuring interoperability across all EU member states.
Read more